Territorial exclusivity under EU law: the Beevers Kaas ruling (C-581/23) insists on real parallel active sales restrictions
The Beevers Kaas judgment raises the bar for legally compliant exclusive distribution in the EU. Relying on the mere fact that other distributors do not actively sell in a territory is not enough.
Belgium – New protections for franchisees: what will change in 2025
From March 2025, franchisees in Belgium—especially in the food retail sector—will benefit from stronger legal safeguards. New rules mandate clearer pre-contractual disclosures and ban unfair terms, such as forced operation at a loss or abrupt termination. The reform aims to rebalance franchisor-franchisee relationships and promote fairer, more transparent agreements.
The responsibility of the influencer in the digital market
With Resolution No. 197/25/CONS (July 23, 2025), Italy’s AGCOM has introduced binding rules for “relevant influencers”—those with over 500,000 followers or 1M monthly views. The new Code of Conduct sets clear obligations around advertising transparency, protection of minors, and copyright compliance, marking a major shift in influencer accountability.
Spain’s Food Chain Law: Pricing and Payment Terms Remain the Controversial Issues
The constant stream of sanctions published by Spain’s Food Information and Control Agency (AICA) highlights the risks for companies in Spain that have not adapted their processes to the Food Chain Law.
The contract with the influencer
Contracts with influencers may be classified as service, sponsorship, or even agency agreements—depending on the structure. A recent ruling by the Court of Rome (March 4, 2024) recognized an influencer deal as an agency contract, highlighting the importance of how roles, commissions, and obligations are defined.
